The Rwandan Genocide Hutus and Tutsi Ethnic Hatred

The Rwandan genocide caused the death of almost one million people, and the incidence will remain in history forever. The Rwandan population comprised of many Hutus and a few Tutsis. Since the Tutsis were more successful than the Hutus, there was enmity between the two groups.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rwandan Genocide: Hutus and Tutsi Ethnic Hatred specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People have always believed that the ethnic hatred between the Hutus and the Tutsi was the core cause of the genocide. However, research shows that there were other multiple and complex causes of the genocide. There were political, economic and social factors that were associated with the genocide, where, the political leaders played the central role in perpetrating the genocide. However, the question that remains in many people’s minds is why the international community never intervened. To some extent, both the Rwand an and international actors played a role in creating the conditions for the genocide. After the Rwandan and international actors perpetrated the genocide, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) came to rescue the country. This paper gives a thorough discussion of the Rwandan genocide. The killing of Juvenal Habyarimana, the president of Rwanda and Burundi, in a plane shooting marked the beginning of the Rwandan genocide. President Habyarimana was a Hutu, whose totalitarian regime prohibited the Tutsis from taking part in the government. However, in 1993, the president signed the Arusha Accords that allowed the Tutsis to have the powers to participate in the government. The Hutus were upset, and that was probably the reason behind the shooting of the president’s plane. However, the Hutus blamed the Tutsi’s for the shooting, and thus, the Hutu’s political elites initiated the genocide. With the support of the military, approximately 800,000 people that comprised of Tu tsis and moderate Hutus lost their lives.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The assassination of men, women and children of the mentioned communities continued from April to July 1994, as the international community witnessed all the proceedings. The UN had no political will to stop the genocide because of the mistaken perceptions of the African conflicts (Power 102). This clearly indicates that the international actors perpetrated the genocide because their actions rendered a favorable environment for the assassinations. According to the law of the United Nations, genocide is an inhuman crime, whether it happens in peace or during the war. The negligence of the UN to initiate a peacekeeping mission in Rwandan massacre is one of the UN’s greatest failures. From the way the massacres happened, it was evident that the ruling party officials and the top government were the main actors who organized the genocide (Fujii 570). The media was another group of actors who broadcasted messages to support the killings. It is very discouraging that people in the whole world witnessed the Rwandan massacres, but no one interceded. (Barnett 56). The massacre continued until the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) intervened and stopped the genocide. The fully trained military group comprised of the Tutsis, and for this reason, the military had been deported to Uganda. The group emerged to rescue their country, and after several struggles with the Hutus, the military took over the government and stopped the genocide. The RPF are the Rwandan actors who played a critical role in recovering the country after the genocide. Manslaughter had happened in churches, hospitals, schools, and all other areas that the Tutsis sought refuge. However, it is encouraging that the survivors leant a lesson.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rwandan Genocide: Hutus a nd Tutsi Ethnic Hatred specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, Rwanda has the lowest crime rates as compared to many African countries. Paul Kagame, who was the leader of the RPF, became the president of Rwanda, and he was later re-elected as the president. Paul Kagame’s exertions as president are applauded across the world. Works Cited Barnett, Michael. Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda, London: Cornell University, 2002. Print. Fujii, Lee Ann. â€Å"The Power of Local Ties: Popular Participation in the Rwandan Genocide.† Security Studies 17.3 (2008): 568-597. Print. Power, Samantha. â€Å"Bystanders to Genocide: Why the United States let the Rwandan Tragedy happen.† The Atlantic Monthly 288.2 (2001): 84-108. Print. This essay on The Rwandan Genocide: Hutus and Tutsi Ethnic Hatred was written and submitted by user Qu1nt1n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cerium Facts - Ce or Atomic Number 58

Cerium Facts - Ce or Atomic Number 58 Cerium (Ce) is atomic number 58 on the periodic table. Like other lanthanides or rare earth elements, cerium is a soft, silver-colored metal. Its the most abundant of the rare earth elements. Cerium Basic Facts Element Name: Cerium Atomic Number: 58 Symbol: Ce Atomic Weight: 140.115 Element Classification: Rare Earth Element (Lanthanide Series) Discovered By: W. von Hisinger, J. Berzelius, M. Klaproth Discovery Date: 1803 (Sweden/Germany) Name Origin: Named after the asteroid Ceres, discovered two years before the element. Cerium Physical Data Density (g/cc) near r.t.: 6.757 Melting Point ( °K): 1072 Boiling Point ( °K): 3699 Appearance: Malleable, ductile, iron-gray metal Atomic Radius (pm): 181 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 21.0 Covalent Radius (pm): 165 Ionic Radius: 92 (4e) 103.4 (3e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.205 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 5.2 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 398 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.12 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 540.1 Oxidation States: 4, 3 Electronic Configuration: [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) Lattice Constant (Ã…): 5.160 Electrons per Shell: 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 Phase: Solid Liquid Density at m.p.: 6.55 g ·cm−3 Heat of Fusion: 5.46 kJ ·mol−1 Heat of Vaporization: 398 kJ ·mol−1 Heat Capacity (25  °C): 26.94 J ·mol−1 ·K−1 Electronegativity: 1.12 (Pauling scale) Atomic Radius: 185 pm Electrical Resistivity (r.t.): (ÃŽ ², poly) 828 nÃŽ ©Ã‚ ·m Thermal Conductivity (300 K): 11.3 W ·m−1 ·K−1 Thermal Expansion (r.t.): (ÃŽ ³, poly) 6.3  µm/(m ·K) Speed of Sound (thin rod) (20  °C): 2100 m/s Youngs Modulus (ÃŽ ³ form): 33.6 GPa Shear Modulus (ÃŽ ³ form): 13.5 GPa Bulk Modulus (ÃŽ ³ form): 21.5 GPa Poisson Ratio (ÃŽ ³ form): 0.24 Mohs Hardness: 2.5 Vickers Hardness: 270 MPa Brinell Hardness: 412 MPa CAS Registry Number: 7440-45-1 Sources: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952) Return to the Periodic Table

Raymond Carver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Raymond Carver - Essay Example When the family moved to California, Carver became interested in writing and took a course from John Gardner, which had a profound effect on him. He continued his studies at Chico State University, Humboldt State College, and the University of Iowa. He earned a BA in 1963. He became a textbook editor at Science Research Associates, Palo Alto, but was fired in 1970. He went on to teach at universities throughout the United States and from 1980-1983 was a professor of English at Syracuse University. While Carver was at Humboldt, he wrote his first story, "Pastoral," as well as his first poem, "The Brass Ring." Although his biography states he started his writing career as a poet, he confessed he was never a "born" poet (Liukkonen) and although he eventually had his poetry published, it never received the acclaim of his short stories. His story "Will You Please Be Quiet, Please" was written in 1967 and with the editing expertise of Gordon Lish, he published a collection of stories of the same name set in Eureka, California in 1976 (Boddy). During the ensuing years, alcohol was a problem for him and drinking became a full-time pursuit. In fact, alcohol became a subject in several of his stories. On June 2, 1977, Carver stopped drinking and became active in Alcoholics Anonymous. He begin seeing poet Tess Gallagher and divorced his wife MaryAnn in 1982. He lived with Gallagher and married her two months before he died from lung cancer in 1988 (Liukkonen). Carver has said that everything we write is, in some way, autobiographical. In a New York Times article he said he considered the short story a vehicle for transforming the commonplace and said, "it is possible to write a line of seemingly innocuous dialogue and have it send a chill along the reader's spine" (Carver par. 9). His writing style is muted and anticlimactic but creates a tense atmosphere. His life is basically divided into two sections, one before he gave up drinking and met Tess and one after. "Cathedral," a short story contained in a collection by the same name, gives him the chance to write in retrospect, utilizing his life experiences in the first section of his life as part of his writing within the second part of his life. His father's alcoholism possibly led to Carver's addiction to alcohol since an addictive personality can be and often is passed down. "Cathedral" was published in 1983, after Carver had joined AA, but the characters in the story spend a great dea l of time in intervals of drinking and smoking marijuana. There are three characters in the story-the narrator, his wife, and a blind man. The narrator, who would appear to be based on Carver himself, distances himself from the story by being an observer rather than a participant-at least at first. As the story progresses, he unobtrusively fixes himself drinks, and although it is never evident or brought out, the excess drinking throughout the story labels him as an alcoholic, albeit a recovering alcoholic.. He refers to his wife's friend as "this blind man," and it is clear he is dismissing any personal interest in the man's forthcoming visit. "I wasn't enthusiastic about his visit. He was no one I knew" (Carver "Cathedral" 1). Even so, he offers the reader background on the

Database Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Database Implementation - Essay Example Database is said to be normalized if only it is in 3NF. The following rules are followed when normalizing a table in the 1NF for an organized database. The first step involves the eliminating of the columns which are in the same table; the second step is to create a separate table for every group of the related data then identifies every row with the unique columns that is the primary key. The tables in Community library database have not met the requirement of the 1NF, 2NF, and 3 NF since different columns in the tables has been repeated. The columns of the table repeatedly include the column of the data type, length and descriptions. This table can be created as a one table as shown below; This step addresses a concept of removing data which are repeated in a given table. It has rules which must be followed during normalization. The first step is making sure that the requirements in the first normal form are met. Secondly, remove the subsets of data which multiples the rows of the table then place the data in different tables. The third step is creating the relationships between the tables as well as, predecessors by use of the foreign keys (Coronel, 2011). Data should always be organized properly in the database. It is done by creating tables as well as, establishing the relationships between the tables in regard to the rules designed to protect the data and to make database to be flexible by removing the redundancy as well as, inconsistent dependency. Redundant data is known to be wasting the disk space as well as, creating the maintenance problems. If the data which exists in many places must be changed, the data must be changed in precisely to the same way in all

KIEU ESSAY-THEME 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

KIEU -THEME 2 - Essay Example He contradicts his position of morality as at one point he is immoral and some other point he is moral. The character Thuc Ky Tam portrays the theme of immorality in ‘the tales of Kieu’. It is evident throughout the old story narrated in the poem. Thuc Ky Tam is at first introduced in the story to be the top manager of a brothel. As known to the public at large, brothels are place where immorality is practiced at its highest levels. For such a person to be in charge of a brothel, more at the time this poem was publicized, he had to be immoral. In spite of Thuc Ky Tam’s actions later in the story, he carries on the shameful deeds of individuals who maintained visiting the brothel. Thuc is one person who was well bred and educated and was supposed to defend women rather than indulging in immoral acts with them. This defilement act portrays the character of Thuc to be obviously immoral man. The family of Thuc can be described to be well bred and well to do as they ha d a trading shop. Thuc at his early ages was a man of passion as sings of Kieu’s beauty from the moment he saw her. He made it his initiative to persuade and make her fall in love with him for which he accomplished (Nguyen, pp.69). He first saw Kieu in the brothel at her place of work and where Thuc was a manager. They went on to see each other on many instances and their relationship looked to be more intimate than being casual. Visible closeness existed between the two that portrayed to true lovers. Thuc expressed his emotions to Kieu who answered back by professing her love to him. Nevertheless, Kieu’s current and past job was a stumbling block as she knew it could not be ignored. Thuc was a married man and this was a challenge to their relationship with Kieu as they could not get into a union of marriage. It also barred them from carrying out their relationship outside the brothel. Kiev talked about the wife of Thuc, "But if the lady lords over you, I shall be toss ed to her, your lioness" This did not shake Thuc as their situations that grew worse rather made them stronger in love. The character of Thuc makes a turn at this juncture when what he feels for Kieu makes him liberate move away form the brothel. Thuc does this by paying Dame Tu, madam at the brothel which showed that he held to his words by honoring his promise. Kiev and Thuc continued in their relationship as married partners with Thuc looking after his wife and life became enjoyable. This is contrary to one’s expectation of an affair between a man who was frequent in brothels and a prostitute. One’s expectation may be that the two would at one time renounce the life they live and turn into a new leaf. Nevertheless, their relationship looked so comfortable and normal that there could be an end. The character of Thuc transforms to man of good deeds and one may attempt to deliver him from his past sins of prostitution and frequenting brothels. His father who has been a way is responsible for stereotyping the play in this love story of Thuc and Kieu. He warns them that Thuc should take Kieu back to where she worked as a prostitute or judgment awaits them for making a mistake of living together while Thuc was still in another union. The two opted for the worse by waiting for the judgment as they continued to live together. What trouble his father was that Thuc had chosen a prostitute for a wife and this tarnished the family name. Thuc and Kieu face judgment and at the start, the case was against Kieu who had

A SWOT Analysis Of Emirates Airline Tourism Essay

A SWOT Analysis Of Emirates Airline Tourism Essay Introduction Emirates Airline was founded on October 25th 1985 with a flight from Dubai to Karachi using a leased A300 Airbus. Now the airline has more than 150 airplanes, making 2,300 flights a week to 103 destinations in 65 Countries on 6 Continents. Emirates Airline is owned by the Government of Dubai, HH Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al-Maktoum is the Chairman and Chief Executive. 2.0 Mission Their mission is to be able to carry a passenger from anywhere on this planet, via Dubai, to any other place on the world. Their procurements division mission is to provide an innovative and responsive service that positively supports the group in a commercially astute manner. We want to constantly renew ourselves, shedding the past, adapting to change and creating a promising future. 2.1 Vision The vision and the principles which propel the airline forward is for a strong and stable leadership team, ambitious yet calculated decision-making and ground-breaking ideas all contribute to the creation of great companies. Of course, these have played a major part in our development, but we believe our business ethics are the foundation on which our success has been built. Caring for our employees and stakeholders, as well as the environment and the communities we serve, have played a huge part in our past and will continue to signify our future 3.0 Competitors When the airline first started, its main rivals were British Airways and Gulf Air. In 2007, Emirates airline dominates the Asian Pacific Continent market share with 39%, Singapore Airlines 26% with Gulf Air reduced to 8%, but with Dubai s tourism soaring, other locally based airlines are trying to increase their passengers. These two airlines are Etihad Airlines and Qatar Airways. Other rivals, jealous of the success of Emirates Airlines have prompted their governments to limit Emirates Airlines access to airports. These are Air France and Lufthansa. 4.0 Stakeholders The stakeholders include the groups employment of more than 40,000 persons. Dnata Airport Operations is responsible for ground handling and Freighter handling. Like it parent company, Dnata is rapidly expanding and now is represented in nineteen international airports in eight countries. Emirates SkyCargo, as the name suggests, handles the cargo side of the business, it has eight freighters carrying 1.6 million tonnes of cargo a year to 25 destinations. This contributed 17.2% of the total transport revenue and on March 27th 2011 managed the first ever fully paperless flight having electronic air waybills in line with the groups green policy. Other stakeholders include Alpha Flight Group Ltd (owned by Dnata) who supply over 120,000 in flight meals daily at 58 airports in 11 countries. Alpha directly employ nearly 6,000 persons. Emirates Engineering are responsible for the aircraft maintenance who can proudly boast there has never been a fatal incident involving any of their fleet. Emirates/skywards handle the frequent flyer programme and e-mail existing customers regarding special offers. More diverse stakeholders are Mercator; this is the I.T. solutions provider to the global air travel industry for the Emirates group. Exploiting the tourism bonanza, Dnata Travel Services are the travel agents, Congress Solutions International provide professional congress organisation. Emirates Holidays are the official tour operators, Arabian Adventures sell overland explorer escorted trips as well as cruises down the creek and deep sea fishing in the Gulf Sea. Away from the U.A.E., the group own the Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa in Australia; this is a 4,000 acre conservation resort 5.0 SWOT Analysis of Emirates 5.1 Strengths One of the strengths of Emirates Airline appear to be their independence, they have resisted the temptation of mergers and acquisitions with other airlines. The thinking behind this is that they think that such actions will strangle their flexibility, being able to change direction quickly without having to seek agreement with outside partners. They also decided to allow free competition, the thoughts behind this decision was they believe encouraging competition would see an overall increase in the standards and the Emirates Airline are in a position to be a good performer, acknowledged within the industry. Furthermore, they wanted to show they were not frightened of any other airline, that they were forerunners not just trying to financially survive but were focussed at the most important part of the airline industry (with the exception of safety) in giving the customers what they want. This goes beyond the amount of leg room, the quality of the food served and keeping delays and ca ncellations to a minimum. Nowadays, people are aware of their carbon footprint and Emirates have made key decisions regarding their own environmental programme. Although the average age of the fleet is only 6.5 years, they are investing heavily in the 650 seat A380 Airbus which are the worlds most fuel and emission-efficient planes. The on-board kitchens are the most eco-efficient in the world and they recycle more than 100 tonnes of paper, plastic and aluminium a month. As per the official website of Emirate they are named the best airline of the year 2010-2011 5.2 Weakness -Not all of diversification and approach have been successful and this can be considerate as one the flaws or weaknesses of the company. Analysts have accused the company for focusing too much on their high end acquisitions and diversification inspite of the risky effect of such decisions -Another potential weakness is that the operating profit is based on low wages paid to the general workforce for duties such as baggage handlers, cleaners, and caterers. They are generally recruited from India and are non unionised. These migrant workers face instant deportation if they show resentment to the wage structure. 5.3 Opportunity -A huge opportunity for growth is the physical location of the Emirates. China has the fastest growing economy in the region and possibly in the world, and with that growth comes a greater demand for air travel and air-freight movements. If this requirement is aggressively marketed then Emirates Airline could fulfil this demand with its network of air routes and the ability to be flexible as previously described. 5.4 Threats -Threats to the airline can come from other established airline companies. As they see their diminishing passenger numbers on their traditional routes, they see the traveller numbers to the U.A.E. increasing and will try to prise the Emirates Airline passengers away by undercutting the ticket price. -The airline industry is notoriously volatile and subject to cyclical variations of trade. Emirates Airlines seems to weathered the storm in the current global recession, not cutting back on its ambitious expansion plans. Only time will tell if the correct decisions were made. 6.0 Emirates Strategy -The cornerstone of Emirate Airlines success is quality control. Creating and maintaining a state of the art airline for the sole purpose of keeping their customers happy. -Extensive aviation training. The company not only trains young employees but also trains other people within the industry. -Has successfully created a resort, hotel and tourism strategy. This was done by the creation and acquisition of various resorts and spas, even in this field emphasis was given on quality control and comfort. -Emirates Airline have always strived to make their passengers satisfied, winning awards for the innovative in-flight entertainment system, immaculately dressed cabin crew. Because of this it is now a brand name globally. -It has direct routes compared with the much hated stop-over that other carriers frequently use . -The main reasons for the airlines success is to make creative decisions, a unique business model, thriving on flexibility, made on a sound foundations but it may have to reel in part of its open sky policy and expand its global market in line with its vision of being able to take any passenger from one place on the planet to any other place on the planet via Dubai. 7.0 Conclusion In conclusion, the rise of Emirates Airlines from its inaugural flight in 1985 to the now prestigious airline voted 8th best carrier in the world good luck or good judgement? Has the success been due to excellent planning and vision or merely success on the back of the tourism explosion in Dubai? Has the decision to shun any strategic alliances both regionally and globally, which for decades has been the main business tactic in the airline industry been correct?

Greeks and romans Essay -- essays research papers

Three ancient civilizations contributed most to Western society. These ancient cultures were the Romans, Greeks, and Judeo-Christians. Although all three had a major impact on our life today in areas such Philosophy, Art, Architecture, Education, Military, Family Life, Government, and many more, it is evident that the Roman civilization has impacted Western Society beyond the other two. But to come to this conclusion you must first look at all aspects of life of all three cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Judeo-Christians were highly religious people. In fact, almost all of their contributions to today are moral principals or religious. Although Jews lived in Judea, which was a Roman province since 6 AD, the Jews continued to be monotheistic. The Romans respected this, however, and did not make them worship the Roman Gods. Around 1 AD, a boy names Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem. After about thirty years Jesus began to preach about the Jewish God. People called Jesus the â€Å"Messiah† and the â€Å"King of the Jews† Roman leaders were worried that he would cause a revolt against the Romans. Jesus was considered an enemy. He was tried before Pontius Pilate and was crucified. After Jesus died on a cross, he was resurrected and remained on earth for forty more days to preach. After those forty days, Jesus was ascended into Heaven. The resurrection of Jesus became a main aspect of Christianity. For hundreds of years the Christian religion was put down and not excepted, but during Emperor Constantine’s reign Christianity became widely excepted because the Constantine was given a message from the Christian God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many morals and values of the Christians have been passed down and still are followed today. God gave the Ten commandments to Moses for all people to follow. In these ten, three are laws in today’s society: You shall not kill, You shall not steal, and also you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. It is illegal to kill and steal. Also, lying in a court of law is perjury.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christianity is the most common religion in western society. Although there are many different denominations of Christians today, including Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Assembly of God, Lutheran, Methodist and many more, they all are based on the fact that Jesus died for their sins and they are forgiven. &n... ...rom its tradition of law. Many Romans were farmers. Therefore, they had to understand the laws of nature. As soldiers, they had to create laws to regulate the power of some men over others. Religion also stressed laws and obedience to authority. When Rome became a city, they created civic gods. These gods were spirits believed to be in the homes of Romans. All the gods possessed the power to help man only if he served them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More than any other ancient power, Rome was a qualified empire of many peoples and cultures. Roman law respected the differences among people. The idea of Roman life, excited many other cultures. This showed that Roman society was so smart that they were confident and arrogant it would spread throughout the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of the Roman Empire influenced Western civilization in many ways. Roman law became the basis of the legal codes of most European areas. Rome preserved Greek culture, the foundation of Western learning and even Christianity. All of these were spread to other lands. The world should be very fortunate of the Roman Empire. It has exploited so many great things throughout its dynasty.