World Religion - 5936 Words

Name________________________ Class Hour_______ CHAPTER 1-Understanding Religion STUDY QUESTIONS (Pages 1-29) Group A 1. What are some of the questions religion seek to answer? List some of the human needs served by religion? 2. Discuss a theory on origins of religion by one of the thinkers in the reading (Tylor, Frazer, Freud, James, Otto or Jung) that makes sense to you at the present time. 3. List and describe the eight elements that are developed in varying degrees in most religions? 4. Define what is meant by sacred in religion and give some examples of how sacred is understood? 5. Offer some examples of religious symbols and discuss their meaning. Group B 1. Discuss the goal of studying religion in the historical and†¦show more content†¦What features of geography might have contributed to Hindu religious sensibilities? 2. What features have enabled Hinduism to develop freely in many directions. 3. What were the chief features of Aryan religion? 4. Briefly describe the content or focus of the Vedas. Group B 1. Define the term Brahman and relate an illustration from the Upanishads seeking to explain it. 2. Explain what is meant by Brahman and discuss its relationship to Atman 3. How does maya fit into the Upanishadic explanation of the world? 4. Explain the relationship between karma and rebirth. Discuss the benefits and liabilities of embracing such a view as karma and rebirth. Group C 1. Describe the different aspects of liberation contained in the goal of moksha 2. Describe the general setting or plot of the Bhagavad Gita. 3. Briefly describe the five main social classes within the caste system. 4. Why are there different types of yoga? Explain some of the different types of yoga. Name________________________ Class Hour_______ CHAPTER 3-HINDUISM STUDY QUESTIONS (Pages 95-119) *Note- all groups: See bonus question at the end Group A 1. Why have intensive study and the practice of meditation had limited appeal for the majority of Hindus? 2. Which major gods constitute the Trimurti and what interlinked force do they represent? 3. Describe features of one of the popularShow MoreRelatedWorld Religion1511 Words   |  7 PagesDanielle Walker World Religions Field Trip Paper 4 May 2014 Different People’s Way of Life Many individuals abide or live life along a set of guidelines or follow a certain religion and that conveys their way of life. Religions have many values, beliefs, and aspirations among them. Worldwide many religions are practiced daily although some may be practiced more than others on a daily basis. I have learned about many aspects, values, and what the motive to practicing a certain religion may give toRead MoreReligion Five Major World Religions Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pages Religion 101 Brian R. 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In this paper I will be analysing and considering the different definitions that have been proposed by Victoria S. Harrison in her article â€Å"The pragmatics of defining religion in a multi-cultural world† and what I considerRead MoreReligions Around The World Today1158 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different religions around the world today. We all have our own opinions on whether or not we believe in God or not, but what makes every religion different from the other could be because of traditions or rituals, the way we dress based on our religion or the place we worship. However the one thing we all have in common is we turn to religion to guide us in one way or another for greater depth or to set us down the right path in life. Firstly there is Hinduism. Hindus believe thatRead MoreReligion : An Aspect Of Our World1744 Words   |  7 PagesFrancesca Krupp Final Paper Dr. Land-Closson 27 April, 2016 Religion, for many is an aspect of our world that can bring people together, or in many cases, tear people apart. It can cause vast violence, or everlasting peace within civilizations. Religion defines the lives of many, governing how they live and the moral code that they choose to follow. However, Religion to em has always simply been what I was raised in. I grew up a cradle catholic, meaning from the day I took my first breathe, to the

A Brief Note On Niger And Gender Inequality - 1554 Words

Thanisha Germain AAD 105 D001 Professor Lekan May 29th 2016 Niger and Gender Inequality Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences (Gendered Lives, 2005). (1) Niger is currently ranked at 187 in the United Nation Human Development Index. Niger has a total land area of 490,000 square miles or 1,267,000 square kilometers. Niger ended 2014 with a population of 19,113,728 people, which represents an increase of 754,865 people compared to 2013, and the population index has yet to be updated to present date and time of 2016. French is the official language of Niger. Hausa is spoken by seventy percent of the population. Seventy percent of the population are under forty years’ old which is a quite young population. School enrolment rates are only twenty-two percent and the adult literacy rate is a meagre twelve percent. The currency of the country is 2,370 billion US dollars. Eighty-five percent of the population is involved in agriculture livestock. Niger is the fourth largest producer of uranium in the world. Animal breeding is the most important activity for the nomadic people of Niger. Roughly 400,000 square kilometers of Niger is covered by desert, mainly the Sahara. The southern part of the country is the most developed and considered the most productive orShow MoreRelatedWorld History AP8768 Words   |  36 Pagesthe process of creating the empire was quicker, though it was no less reliant on military force and no less brutal than the centuries-long Roman effort. †¢ Unlike Rome’s transition from republic to empire, the creation of the Chinese empire had only brief and superficial domestic repercussions. 7. In comparing the Roman and Chinese empires, which do you find more striking—their similarities or their differences? †¢ The Roman and Chinese empires shared many common features, though they did also differRead MoreThe Nigerian Stock Market and Its Impact on the Economy9899 Words   |  40 Pagesdifficult for the private sector to deliver on these objectives if Nigeria enterprises are not well funded or have easier access to funds locally, and if the current burden of harsh operating environment is not urgently addressed.† It will be pertinent to note here that Nigeria has been far from consistent in her economic policies and approaches to developing the country. According to Afolabi Adedeji: â€Å"We have at different times tried government owned enterprises, import licensing, backward integrationRead MoreCOM3702 Portfolio10930 Words   |  44 Pageshas far-reaching implications for the freedom of speech which journalists currently enjoy. Some critics argue that South Africa has regressed in this regard: during apartheid the state controlled and regulated the press, which was then followed by a brief period of press freedom but now regulatory consideration seems to be turning back towards state regulation. 2.1.2 Public service media policy. After World War Two, communications policy was influenced by socio-political rather than economic or nationalRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesEthos of Rastafari: Structure, Ideology, and Ritual 5. â€Å"Coming in from the Cold†: Rastafari and the Wider Society 6. Rastafari Rules: Bearers of Jamaican Popular Culture 7. Summary and Conclusions Appendix: A Review of the Literature on Rastafari Notes Selected Bibliography Index 3 7 29 41 67 79 97 117 127 141 171 185 This page intentionally left blank Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Introduction Since its emergence among the poor in Jamaica in the earlyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages Smith’s fully global perspectives make clear that even though gender parity has rarely been attained in any society and there have been major setbacks or few advances in INTRODUCTION †¢ 5 many countries, the position of women worldwide has improved dramatically and has very often empowered a substantial portion of humanity in ways that would have been unthinkable a century ago. Jean Quataert’s contribution to gender shifts in the twentieth century focuses more narrowly on the variable

Anthropology And Development Critical Perspectives On Globalisation

Question: Discuss about the Anthropology And Development Critical Perspectives On Globalisation And Inequality. Answer: Introduction Globalisation and the diverse phenomenon associated with it have resulted in several curious issues for the social scientific researchers and the observers. From the last literature, it cannot be said that what actually Globalisation means or whether it is happening or not. But there has been continuous discussions related to Globalisation and its impact on the societies and the regions from last few decades. The aspect of Globalisation is completely unavoidable and has a direct impact upon the factors related to ethical regimes, political governance, social regulations and the economic regimes. All these aspects have resulted in several negative, contradictory and confusing implications upon human life. The emergence of the global cities and a developing a strong network based society has resulted in occurrence of numerous challenges which are the part of the Globalisation process (Matei, 2014). Globalisation is related with the primary areas of change that has resulted in extended market transformation across the globe. The concept of Globalisation can be explained as integration of a regions economy with that of the world economy. And such integration has widely resulted in occurrence of several issues and challenges which the paper will highlight in respect with the impact of Globalisation. The paper will also throw lights upon the most crucial issues which are the result of continuous developments and Globalisation and has been broadened by the anthropological approaches such as inequality among the masses. Understanding the issues of Anthropology, Development, Globalisation and Inequality The continuous practice of Globalisation and developments across the world has led to a series of issues and challenges which is weakening the roots of the culture and environment of various nations. Starting with the assessment of the negative social and cultural impacts of policies and processes associated with Globalisation and natural resource development, it can be analyzed that with increased interaction of individuals from diverse nations, unprecedented mobility, enhanced recognition of the human rights and better economic conditions have dented the individuals or nations local culture. The increased number of immigrants and transnational workforce, an outcome of Globalisation, are scattering the diverse cultures in several nations resulting in a unified global culture which comprises of a mixture of several different regional cultures (Thomas and Kamari Clarke, 2013). The international populations have started sharing identical life styles, attitudes, aspirations and social v alues. There has been given a new meaning to the human life as the core social values, the spiritual practices and the local culture are getting reframed as a result of increased Globalisation practices. It is the Globalisation which can be mark responsible for the change and modification of the life style and outlook of the individuals across the globe (Baylis, Owens and Smith, 2017). The change or the negative social and cultural impacts can be analyzed by taking examples of several Asian countries where earlier there were used to be a completely male dominated societies. The key earners and the sole face of the families were the male members and the female members of the society were only responsible for managing the in-house activities. But the practices of Globalisation have resulted in a fatal blow of such kind of socio-cultural practices of those nations. Today women have a participation and involvement in almost all the spheres of the economy of these Asian countries and it has given a massive challenge to male dominant societies (De Beukelaer, Pyykkonen and Singh, 2015). Other social and cultural impact can be identified as the involvement of the western culture in the domestic culture of various nations. The joint family systems were one of the most recognized socio-cultural practices of some of the nations which has been challenged and dissolved due to the continuous Globalisation. Now the individuals prefer leading an independent life and have become extremely blunt in breaking the social norms of having improved relations with the family and elder ones (O'Bannon, et al., 2014). Mixing of western culture with the regional cultural practices has resulted incomplete deterioration of the socio-cultural norms and practices of unified family systems. Other impacts upon the social and cultural practices can be realized as, earlier in various countries there were used to follow a number of religious practices as per the respective cultures if the nations. But rise of Globalisation, has developed a sense of reasoning among the individuals which have weake ned the roots of these well-established practices (Knox, Marston and Imort, 2016). As well as the workplace integration of diverse cultures has resulted in integration of the religious and socio-cultural practices too and as a negative outcome, it has blurred the old established religious practices which were primarily the foundation of differentiating individuals on the basis of their diverse religions. Thus, from the overall analysis, it can clearly and critically analyze that Globalisation has extremely affected the socio-cultural fabric of various nations. The shared practices and experiences have offered a new meaning to the lives of individuals and have led to a sudden and big change in the social and cultural practices of the nations (Jindal, 2013). The resource development practices have also encountered number of changes and negative implications upon the social and cultural practices of the nations. Analyzing from the perspectives of the Asia-pacific regions, it can be said that the resource development possesses the potential to have deteriorate the surrounding developments, economies overlaying, communities and the environments (Eriksen, 2016). Contrariwise, these resource developments also results in opportunities by the conversion of the various natural resources into the business and infrastructure development, skills and social capabilities development and financial resources. The environmental, social and the economic changes are interlinked as the development of natural resources can have a direct impact upon the ecosystems which can result in disruption of the environmental services which are extensively offered by these eco-systems and can then affect the economies as well as the individuals as they are heavily reli ant upon all such services for their livelihood. The social and cultural impacts of natural resource developments are also dynamic in nature (Fabinyi, Evans and Foale, 2014). For instance, the development of the employment opportunities is recognized as an advantage of these developments but may result in social challenges if the required knowledge and competence is not regionally available. The un-planned as well as the planned in-migration of the individuals and the related population rise may result in increased demands for the various social services such as social and physical infrastructure, commerce and housing, education and health. The correct management of the population growth may lead to improved services and infrastructure whereas the ineffective management may result in deterioration of the existing services and infrastructure as well as occurrence of future challenges (Benera, Berik and Floro, 2015). The natural resource development also possesses the potential to dis turb the present usage of land in respect with fishing, tourism and agriculture. Because of the increase in the activities of resource developments, there can be experienced a sudden increase in the demand for the services and goods which can ultimately result in rise in the prices (Haviland, et al., 2013). The individuals who works within the agricultural as well as service industries usually do not get an equal amount of pay in comparison with the workers of resource sector, may not possess the buying power to afford goods at such upsurge costs. Contrary, if these developments are planned and managed in an effective manner then it can result in rise of opportunities for strengthening the economies and the regional businesses as well as the generation of the taxes and royalties. From the overall perspective, the socio-cultural impacts of these developments may result in out-migration, in-migration, tensions and conflicts among social groups increased demands for infrastructure and housing, change in social norms, corruption, and change in traditions, impacts upon cultural heritage, land mobility, pollution and disruption of economies (Franks, 2012). There are some of the key theoretical and ideological issues concerning development and increased level of Globalisation. The first key theoretical aspect is the ideology in the theory of institutional change. This shows the level of imbalance that take place as a result of price variations. As per the economic theory of institutional change which was grounded on the development of the relative prices, it is analyzed that when once there occurs any kind of change in the relative prices, the people tend to adjust themselves and adapt. But later on with continuous rise in developments and Globalisation, there is sudden change and increase in the prices of the goods, services, agricultural products, infrastructure, etc. which provokes the institutional imbalance and as a negative outcome there takes place private land holdings (Mosse and Lewis, 2006). And for the transformation of these imbalances into institutional changes, it is essential that there must be some final consensus as the re is a need of some new practice. The second theoretical aspect which can be used to understand the development and Globalisation impacts is the dependency theory (Facchini and Melki, 2011). There is a relation of dependency between the underdeveloped Global South and developed North that results in extreme exploitation, oppression and dependency by the means of economic and political factors for example neo-colonialism, unsustainable debt and import tariffs on raw materials (Hilgers, 2010). There has been identified continuous development and success of the industries of the developed nations as a result of Globalisations and development and conditions of underdevelopment, diversion of resource, negative impacts of social, economic, cultural and environmental conditions, inequality, and disparities of power in the Asian regions (Petrescu, 2013). After acquiring and analyzing a broad based understanding of the contemporary Anthropology in relation to global development issues and Asia-Pacific contexts it can be stated that there are majorly two lines of anthropological association with development. The primary and the first line refer to the notion of development and Globalisation as a progress in context with investments, planning, modernization, transfer of knowledge and reforms (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley, 2015). This approach of anthropology and development is well recognized as big D-development. But it is also criticized for offering the complete controlling power to the Global North of any kind of change taking place in the developing nations (Crewe and Axelby, 2012). This aspect is considered as neo-colonial as well as screening the global economic and political strategies of control even after a complete end of the period of colonialism. The critiques of anthropology have decried this approach of development by stat ing it as EuroAmerican-centrist, evolutionary and oversimplifying of the individual similarities at the cost of having huge differences among the societies and the cultures. And such kind of critique has raised number of questions upon the anthropology engagement with development by questioning the colonial roots and emphasizing serious consideration of the validity and value of anthropology in supporting the various developing nations. The second line of the association of anthropology and development is the study of the various processes of development as the endogenic processes that result in contradictory and negative outcomes creating the situations of social in/exclusion and inequality (Milanovic, 2016).f It can critically analyzed and stated that such small or little d-developments results in geographical unevenness across the globe and also refers to wide, relating processes of international change and primarily capitalism. There is a vast difference from the big D-developme nt as the latter refers to achieving progress, developing practices, policies and ideas whereas the little d-development refers to the practice of development as an unintentional practice which also comprises of the study of the already existing development processes. Thus, the critical anthropology of development considers and analyzes development in terms of the interaction among the several systems of knowledge and actors as well as the structural processes. Therefore, the little d-development aspect brings bottom-up, unintended and the relational factors into the development processes that are required to be controlled by the big D-development. There is a study of both these approaches of development and anthropology but there is difference in the approaches (Bakker and Nooteboom, 2017). Over the past few decades, the rapidly increasing Globalisation and anthropology engagement with developments have resulted in huge investments by the transnational companies in the natural resources as well as the farmlands. The lands taken use were not empty as well as were also not wild but were used by the nomadic individual and the farmers whose livelihood and earnings were completely lost because of directly threatened to take use of those lands anymore. In anthropological aspect, such issues related to precarization of rural livelihoods have being studied in terms of exclusion of the indigenous people, small scale farmers, extractive commodity chains, food insecurity and land grabs (Collier and Ong, 2005). At the same time, as discussed above, as an impact of Globalisation and development, the transnational organisations enhanced the exploitation of the scare natural resources in the regions of Global South and thus resulting in the curious situations of putting pressure upon the Global South from the Global North for access to infrastructure, land, labor and natural resources. All such diverse aspects of Globalisation, anthropology approach and developments have resulted in increased issues and challenges faced by the majority of Third World people (O'brien and Williams, 2016). Conclusion In the paper, it has been critically analyzed and argued that Globalisation is not only useless but also very harmful for the economies of various developing nations and specifically the Asia-Pacific regions. It has offered some temporary reliefs to the several global economies with the aspect of foreign investments but has worsened the situations with its other associated negative implications. From the paper and various critical analyses, it can be concluded that instead of improving the lives of the majority of the Third World individuals in past few decades, the results have deteriorated their lives in various aspects as discussed above in the paper. As a byproduct of continuous developments, anthropology approach and Globalisation, there has been caused some of the enduring damage to the global economies, socio-cultural factors and the environment and have imposed deep-rooted negative impacts on the Global South and mainly the Asia-Pacific regions. The paper concludes that there is a vital need to manage the impact of these developments and Globalisation so that all the regions receives an equal benefits and the issues such as inequality can be eliminate from the developing countries. Thus, from the analyses of various social and cultural impacts of policies and processes associated with Globalisation and natural resource development, the Asia-Pacific region concerning development issues, theoretical and ideological issues concerning development and contemporary Anthropology in relation to global development issues and Asia-Pacific contexts, it can be concluded that instead of improving the livelihood of the people, these aspects of Globalisation and development are threatening their sustainable living and resulting into increased dependency upon the developed economies. References Bakker, L., Nooteboom, G. (2017). Anthropology and inclusive development.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,24, 63-67. Baylis, J., Owens, P., Smith, S. (Eds.). (2017).The Globalisation of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Benera, L., Berik, G., Floro, M. (2015).Gender, development and Globalisation: economics as if all people mattered. Routledge. Collier, S. J., Ong, A. (2005). Global assemblages, anthropological problems.Global assemblages: Technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems, 3-21. Crewe, E., Axelby, R. (2012).Anthropology and development: Culture, morality and politics in a globalised world. Cambridge University Press. De Beukelaer, C., Pyykkonen, M., Singh, P. J. (2015). Globalisation, Culture and Development. The UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity. Eriksen, T. H. (2016). The three crises of globalisation: an anthropological history of the early 21st century. Fabinyi, M., Evans, L., Foale, S. (2014). Social-ecological systems, social diversity, and power: insights from anthropology and political ecology.Ecology and Society,19(4). Facchini, F., Melki, M. (2011). Ideology and Cultural Change: A Theoretical Approach. Franks, D. (2012). Social impact assessment of resource projects.International Mining for Development Centre,3. Haviland, W. A., Prins, H. E., McBride, B., Walrath, D. (2013).Cultural anthropology: the human challenge. Cengage Learning. Hilgers, M. (2010). The three anthropological approaches to neoliberalism.International Social Science Journal,61(202), 351-364. Hirst, P., Thompson, G., Bromley, S. (2015).Globalisation in question. John Wiley Sons. Jindal, J. (2013). Globalisation-Its Socio-Economic Impact in India. International Journal of Emerging Research in Management Technology. (Volume-2, Issue-12). Knox, P. L., Marston, S. A., Imort, M. (2016).Human geography: Places and regions in global context. Pearson. Matei, C. S. (2014). GlobalisationAn Anthropological Approach.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,149, 542-546. Milanovic, B. (2016). Global inequality: A new approach for the age of Globalisation.PANOECONOMICUS,63(4), 493-501. Mosse, D., Lewis, D. (2006). Theoretical approaches to brokerage and translation in development.Development brokers and translators: The ethnography of aid and agencies, 1-26. O'Bannon, C., Carr, J., Seekell, D. A., D'Odorico, P. (2014). Globalisation of agricultural pollution due to international trade.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,18(2), 503. O'brien, R., Williams, M. (2016).Global political economy: Evolution and dynamics. Palgrave Macmillan. Petrescu, D. N. (2013). IDEOLOGIES OF DEVELOPMENT: THEIR EVOLUTION AND INFUENCE OVER THE DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION PARADIGMS.Annals of University of Oradea, Fascicle Sociology-Philosophy Social Work, (12). Thomas, D. A., Kamari Clarke, M. (2013). Globalisation and race: structures of inequality, new sovereignties, and citizenship in a neoliberal era.Annual Review of Anthropology,42, 305-325.