Public Transportation | Construction Essay

Open Transportation | Construction Essay Open transportation is a basic help that must be given by the legislature to its resident. However, it still an issue looked by the majority of creating nations everywhere throughout the world including Malaysia. As it changes itself to turn into a created nation in 2020, it is a urgent to have agreeable, solid and moderate world-class open transportation framework to meet the objective. As indicated by Ministry of Transportation (2012), by having proficient vehicle arrange, a few principle transport issues looked by urban populaces, for example, high traffic blockage during top periods, scratch-offs and visit postponements of administration and poor access to open vehicle administrations and system can be settled right away. As a feature of government pledge to grow better framework for open transportation, Malaysia has put resources into numerous open transportation arranging and improvement program throughout the years. For instance under ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010), RM 31.8 billion was allotted to improve the open transportation execution. (Legislature of Malaysia, 2006). An extra RM 35 billion was additionally dispensed under Budget (2009 2014) to improve the open transportation benefits in Malaysia, for the distribution of new transports and arrangement of better framework offices (Bernama, 2008). Be that as it may, the use pace of open transportation is as yet poor and the utilization of private vehicles is persistently rising. This situation demonstrates that there are likely a few imperfections inside the past and current methodology (PEMANDU, 2012). Since open transportation is critical to the social and monetary existence of the residents, another arrangement of monstrous improvement under Government Transformation (GTP) Program, the National Key Result Area (NKRA) has been propelled in November 2009. There are 6 activities under this program and one of them is UPT-NKRA. It represents NKRA Urban Public Transportation. The goal of UPT-NKRA may distinctive dependent on the period of its execution. The following are a few destinations that should be accomplished in 2010 and 2012. Improving the open vehicle modular offer from 11% to 15% before the finish of 2010 and to 25% before the finish of 2012 during the morning top time of 7am to 9pm in the Klang Valley and will consequently adjust and apply fruitful activities to Penang and Johor Bahru; Improving dependability and excursion times;â Improving workers solace and comfort; andâ Improving openness and availability so the level of the populace living inside 400 meters of an open vehicle course increments from 63% to 80% in 2012. (Source: Ministry of Transport Malaysia 2012) In reality, government arrangements may not accomplish the objective and the genuine needs. A large portion of creating nations have contributed such a significant number of endeavors towards giving better open transportation. Be that as it may, the execution consistently confronted with numerous troubles. In Pakistan for example, it was discovered that, factors like exaggerated job of the private division, need limit among open vehicle associations, carelessness in the improvement of high-limit open vehicle, inability to utilize existing area and mix trouble had been recognized as serious issues prompted the ineffective of their arrangements (Imran, 2009). The ceaseless inability to serve the interest of residents to appreciate better open transportation administration isn't useful for a created nation to be. In Malaysia, legitimate arranging and huge improvement just had been found in a few primary urban communities, for example, Kuala Lumpur, Klang Valley and Penang. Then again, K ota Kinabalu, the capital city of Sabah that is encountering fast populace development and colossal financial exercises despite everything need to rely upon transport to bring them into their goals. This examination will attempt to investigate the effect of open transportation approach on open transport transportation in Kota Kinabalu. Government arrangement at bureaucratic, state and neighborhood level will be broke down along with a few issue in open transportation. Furthermore, the criticism of different partners essentially from the legislature and separate legitimate body, private transport administrators just as the open clients will be considered. Open TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA Kota Kinabalu and its Public Transportation Kota Kinabalu is the capital city of Sabah which is populated by individuals from different ethnics, races and religions. It is situated inside the quickly growing West Coast Divisionâ [1]â . Throughout the years, this city is encountering a few foundation improvements. Many shopping edifices and business structures had been raised and these have supported more business and exchange exercises. Kota Kinabalu is considered as a urbanizing city because of its economy and populace development. In 2010, the absolute gauge number of populace in Kota Kinabalu is 452, 058 (Statistics Department, 2011) with normal family unit pay RM 2487 every month (Economic Planning Unit, 2011). Aside from turning into a middle for instruction, business and social exercises, Kota Kinabalu additionally have various alluring goals for the neighborhood and worldwide sightseers. It was accounted for that, household and remote guests entered Sabah through Kota Kinabalu is 100,000 out of 2004 and expanded to 60 0, 000 of every 2010 (Sabah Tourism Board). Until this point in time, transport (incorporates express transport, minibusses vans) despite everything filled in as the principle method of open transportation to the nearby inhabitants of Kota Kinabalu. The open transport framework is worked by different privately owned businesses highlighted with variable quality. They give voyaging system and administration in the urban, sub-urban and intercity territories. The fundamental terminal is situated before Wawasan Plaza Building where the urban and rural transports pick and drop their traveler once more. Another terminal is situated in Inanam gives intercity transports administration towards significant distance voyages, for example, Kudat, Ranau, Sandakan, Tawau, Lahad Datu and Semporna. Taxis additionally still work in this city however the administration center at the few primary territories just, for example, at the air terminal, medical clinics and terminal transport. Moreover, a railroad framework known as Sabah State Railway ad ditionally worked in this city. In any case, the goal inclusion is breaking point to a few zones where it interfaces Kota Kinabalu with Tenom and a few different towns in the middle of this railroad it offers every day types of assistance for workers, voyagers, just as for load transportation. Players in Public Transportation: Government Entity Government element is the significant partners in open transportation. Any approach figured by the administration will influence the entire open transportation framework in our nation. In view of the understanding gave via Land Public Transport Act 2010, government substance characterized as the government, or any state government, state authority or neighborhood government; and any service, division, office, organization, authority, commission, panel, board, gathering or other body, corporate or unincorporate, of the Federal Government, or of any State Government or nearby government, regardless of whether built up under composed law or something else. In Malaysia, national government is most party in question to guarantee the better execution of open transportation all through the nation. Just this degree of government capable has the ability to favor and award financing to any arrangement and undertaking proposed by the subordinates governments. This is obviously referenced in the Laws of Malaysia (1997) where the duty regarding money related portion to territorial specialists or neighborhood specialists lies with the focal government (Vigar et al, 2000). Not just mindful in apportion cash to be disseminated to the subordinates government yet in addition bureaucratic have the ability to endorse or dislike any undertaking and program proposed by the lower governments. As transport matters are a bureaucratic recorded obligation under the Constitution of Malaysia., the improvement of the open vehicle framework must be completed with focal governments endorsement since the Transport Ministry holds total control over vehicle arranging (Laws of Malaysia, 1997). There are a few division and unit under the government organization works for open transportation in particular Land Public Transport Commission, Road Transport Department Commercial Licensing Vehicle Board in Sabah and Sarawak and some more. Land Public Transport Commission (LPTC) Land Public Transport Commission is set up on 3 June 2010 after the plan of Land Public Transport Commission Act 2010 by Parliament in May 2010. This commission picked up its full powers under the Land Public Transport Act 2010 and coming into power on 31 January 2011. By the foundation of this commission, the elements of Commercial Vehicles Licensing Board, Department of Railways and the travel industry vehicles authorizing capacity of the Ministry of Tourism in Peninsular Malaysia have been made inapplicable. In any case, LPTC just have ward control over peninsular Malaysia. The business Vehicles Licensing Board, Department of Railways and the Ministry of Tourism despite everything keep on practicing their separate powers in Sabah and Sarawak. The table appeared beneath sum up the force portrayal of LPTC. Forces Depictions Arranging Ground breaking strategy to guarantee far reaching, incorporated and economical framework advancement. SPAD will propose arrangements and plans corresponding to or influencing land open vehicle, and create procedures in accordance with the affirmed approaches and plans with the end goal of accomplishing a protected, solid, effective, responsive, available, arranged, coordinated and manageable land open vehicle, while guaranteeing the arrangement of reasonable administrations for the carriage of travelers and serious administrations for the carriage of goods.(The Land Public Transport Act 2010) Administrative Observing and manage standard of execution of administrators through permitting. Directing all issues relating land vehicles su

The Un Global Compact Politics Essay

The Un Global Compact Politics Essay The United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) is an overall activity began by the United Nations so as to urge organizations to take up increasingly maintainable and socially dependable arrangements, and to likewise report their execution. It comprises of ten core values relating to the territories of human rights, work, the earth and against debasement. It is the universes biggest corporate citizenship activity with more than 7700 individuals in 130 nations. UNGC is a one of a kind stage that gives a vital edge to its members to propel their corporate responsibilities to the maintainability. UNGC is embraced legitimately by the CEOs. It has been organized as an open private activity. The UNGC is an arrangement system to propel the improvement just as usage, and furthermore the divulgence of supportability standards and practices. It offers its members a variety of particular work streams, the board apparatuses and assets, and unique projects and ventures which have been intended to progress economical plans of action and markets all together form a progressively manageable worldwide economy.UNGC has two fundamental targets: First; Mainstream the ten standards in business exercises far and wide and Second; Catalyze activities on the side of more extensive UN objectives, for example, the Millennium Development Goals. TheUN Secretary-General around then Mr. Kofi Annan in a location to The World Economic Forum declared the UNGC on January 31, 1999. Itwas formally propelled at UN Headquarters in New York on July 26, 2000. The initial two standards relate to human rights. The following 4 standards manage work measures organizations ought to follow. The following 3 arrangements with condition security and the last one supported enemy of defilement. The Global Compact is an intentional activity and an organization that needs to buy in to the Principles needs to make an understood proclamation of help and needs to remember references for its yearly report or in some other publically accessible records specifying the advancement it has made in clinging to the Principles. The organization additionally needs to present a concise depiction of this report to the Global Compact site. In the event that the organization neglects to present this portrayal inside two years of marking to be a section ofthe Compact (and after that at regular intervals), the organization will be expelled from the rundown of members. The members to UNGC plan to lead through genuine model and setting a high good tone. The principle reason for the Global Compact is to concentrate on the ethical motivation behind business. Kofi Annan sums up it well in a statement: Let us decide to join the intensity of business sectors with the authority of all inclusive beliefs. Let us decide to accommodate the imaginative powers of private business enterprise with the necessities of the impeded and the prerequisites of people in the future. At that point ten standards are as per the following: Human Rights Standard 1:Businesses should support and regard the security of globally broadcasted human rights inside their effective reach; and Rule 2: Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights mishandles. Work Rule 3:Businesses ought to maintain the opportunity of affiliation and the powerful acknowledgment of the privilege to aggregate dealing; Standard 4: The disposal of all types of constrained and obligatory work; Standard 5: The viable annulment of youngster work; and Standard 6: The disposal of separation in regard of work and occupation. Condition Standard 7: Businesses should bolster a preparatory way to deal with ecological difficulties; Guideline 8: Undertake activities to advance more noteworthy ecological duty, and Guideline 9: Encourage the turn of events and dissemination of earth neighborly advancements. Debasement Guideline 10:Business should neutralize debasement in the entirety of its structures, including coercion and pay off. Is the Global Compact a Product of Occidental Liberalism? Universal systems are characterized as social foundations around which entertainer desires unite in a given region of worldwide relations. Being valid for any social establishment, the members caution to follow up on issues that fall inside the domain of the foundation is without anyone else restricted by the global system. The occidental worldwide monetary request that rose post the Second World War was an exceptionally favorable blend of variables that prompted long and supported financial development. The monetary force was disseminated worldwide in such a way, that it supported an open way to deal with sorting out global financial relations. Overall there existed an ideological accord in regards to the job state should play to guarantee local business, value strength and government disability. The collection of financial investigation and arrangement remedies around then recommended the legislatures to act thusly. The greater part of the significant enterprises were national in s cope and the global monetary relations pretty much contained exchanges among discrete and unmistakable national economies. The Bretton Woods foundations, the GATT and the United Nations were the couple of universal associations that had been set up to communicate and bolster the post WWII bargain of implanted radicalism. Significant changes have occurred in the last 50 years that has sabotaged the adequacy of this arrangement of understandings and game plans. Nonetheless, Globalization is the single most noteworthy factor that has achieved these changes. Globalization has prompted a total detachment between the universe of creation and the universe of fund prompting a general change in the arrangement of institutional connections. This has prompted two disequilibria on the planets political economy. The principal disequilibrium exists between the monetary circle, and the more extensive systems of shared qualities and practices of which the financial circle is a section. The subsequent disequilibrium exists inside the global administration structures. The significant industrialist nations can withstand even the most exceedingly terrible impacts of this lopsidedness since they have the residential and the institutional ability to secure themselves however the remainder of the creating scene is amazingly helpless, and this defenselessness has been additionally exacerbated by the neo-liberal orthodoxies of the supposed Washington agreement. In this manner, the global network needs to devise the sort of institutional harmony that used to exist in the post WWII worldwide financial request. The worldwide network needs to concentrate here on the drawn out connection between two key on-screen characters in the worldwide economy, the global partnerships (MNCs) and global Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). The key players of common society have begun to progressively target MNCs and the worldwide exchanging framework as influence to seek after social and natural concerns. This dynamic interaction between the two makes a potential for to connect the disequilibrium between financial globalization and the worldwide administration structures. The United Nations Global Compact is one such activity that moves the universal business network to help the UN in executing the social estimations of human rights, condition and work. John Gerard Ruggie who is the Kirkpatrick Professor of International Affairs at the Harvard Universitys Kennedy School of Government says that the fundamental issue is that MNCs, going about as non-regional spaces and the board, have offered ascend to worldwide administration holes and administration disappointments. Ruggie is notable in scholarly circles for authoring the term implanted progressivism, that he uses to portray the post-WWII coupling of multilateralism with the intend to accomplish household soundness; and for having accentuated the jobs that thoughts play in world legislative issues. He has investigated the rise of such holes in administration in a few of his works (e.g., Ruggie, 1998b, 2003, 2004). Ruggie helped UN Secretary-General Kofi Anan in structuring and setting up the UN Global Compact, as the Assistant Secretary-general and Chief Adviser for key intending to Kofi Annan. Without conjecturing on the significance of Ruggies job in the production of the reduced, the discourse Kofi Annan used to dispatch the Global Compact at the World Economic Forum in Davos in 1999, unequivocally recommends that John Ruggies impact was generous. Apparently Kofi Annans proposal that: Globalization is an unavoidable truth. Yet, I accept we have thought little of its delicacy. The issue is this. The spread of business sectors outpaces the capacity of social orders and their political frameworks to change in accordance with them, let alone to manage the course they take. History instructs us that such an unevenness between the monetary, social and political domains can never be continued for exceptionally long. Appears to have been legitimately educated by Ruggies take a shot at implanted radicalism (for example 1982, 1998b) As per Ruggie (2003), the㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¨ten standards of the UNGC are drawn from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ILOs Fundamental Principles on Rights at Work and theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Rio Principles on Environment and Development. The UNGC depends on convictions that have been all around perceived by㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¨governments, consequently illuminating the objectives of the entire universal network. The UNGC accomplices with individuals from the corporate world and the common society to decrease the hole between㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¨dreams and reality It means to turn into an organization for the advancement of social traditions. In this manner, UNGC is another measure to the developing number of reactions to globalizations㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¨challenges that additionally band together with the private part. The Challenge The UNGC depends on a belief system of the advantages of open markets. Different high-positioning UN authorities depict the UN Global Compact as the main remotely reasonable methods for pulling billions of individuals out of absolute neediness. The term open markets sounds pleasant, however in reality they convert into the slanted guidelines made by the WTO that

What Not to Write in College Essays

What Not to Write in College Essays March 11 Bustle has a great piece on things college applicants have written about in college essays things they never should have ever written about. Like losing ones virginity. Oy! There is an article up on Bustle by Rebecca Jane Stokes entitled 17 College Admissions Officers Share The Craziest Things Theyve Seen on Applications that we figured wed share with our readers. We love these kinds of articles. Theyre always filled with salacious stories. And we blog about college admissions every day, so weve got to keep things interesting, right? If only for our own sake! So anyhow, lets cut to them juicy tales from admissions According to the piece, One admissions officer commented: I got a handful of kids each year writing their college essays on losing their virginity. Always cringeworthy.† Wed say so! Why would a high schooler ever think to write about losing his or her virginity? Thats entirely too personal and inappropriate.  Many students choose to lose their virginity in high school. But that doesnt mean that Harvard is going to admit them for doing so. So why on earth would a student spend the valuable real estate of the Common Application Personal Statement discussing such? Oy vey. Heres another tidbit from an admissions officer quoted in the piece: There was one applicant I remember who turned in an admission essay detailing his time as a clandestine operative for the CIA and informing us that he was the guy who invented the M16 rifle. The second was easily researchable on the internet (seriously, did he not think we’d Google that?) and the first†¦well†¦yeah. First of all, if this applicant really was a clandestine operative for the CIA, then why on earth has he or she shared this to colleges? This person clearly cannot be trusted. But, of course, this person was not really a clandestine operative for the CIA nor did this person invent the M16 rifle. Did this person really think making a mockery of the college admissions process and lying would lead to admission? Oy vey. Another admissions officer wrote in: Got a little scared of a kid who wrote an essay about someone’s murder. Never figured out if it was a personal story or a work of fiction. Holy cow. Do you really think that a university would ever consider a student who writes such an essay? Even if the student has perfect grades and perfect test scores, this is the kind of Personal Statement that will do the applicant in. Dont murder people. And dont write about such murders in college essays. But, mostly, dont murder people. You know, were having quite a lot of fun dissecting such ridiculous college essays so were going to return to this discussion tomorrow. Stay tuned.

World Religion - 5936 Words

Name________________________ Class Hour_______ CHAPTER 1-Understanding Religion STUDY QUESTIONS (Pages 1-29) Group A 1. What are some of the questions religion seek to answer? List some of the human needs served by religion? 2. Discuss a theory on origins of religion by one of the thinkers in the reading (Tylor, Frazer, Freud, James, Otto or Jung) that makes sense to you at the present time. 3. List and describe the eight elements that are developed in varying degrees in most religions? 4. Define what is meant by sacred in religion and give some examples of how sacred is understood? 5. Offer some examples of religious symbols and discuss their meaning. Group B 1. Discuss the goal of studying religion in the historical and†¦show more content†¦What features of geography might have contributed to Hindu religious sensibilities? 2. What features have enabled Hinduism to develop freely in many directions. 3. What were the chief features of Aryan religion? 4. Briefly describe the content or focus of the Vedas. Group B 1. Define the term Brahman and relate an illustration from the Upanishads seeking to explain it. 2. Explain what is meant by Brahman and discuss its relationship to Atman 3. How does maya fit into the Upanishadic explanation of the world? 4. Explain the relationship between karma and rebirth. Discuss the benefits and liabilities of embracing such a view as karma and rebirth. Group C 1. Describe the different aspects of liberation contained in the goal of moksha 2. Describe the general setting or plot of the Bhagavad Gita. 3. Briefly describe the five main social classes within the caste system. 4. Why are there different types of yoga? Explain some of the different types of yoga. Name________________________ Class Hour_______ CHAPTER 3-HINDUISM STUDY QUESTIONS (Pages 95-119) *Note- all groups: See bonus question at the end Group A 1. 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A Brief Note On Niger And Gender Inequality - 1554 Words

Thanisha Germain AAD 105 D001 Professor Lekan May 29th 2016 Niger and Gender Inequality Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles as well as biologically through chromosomes, brain structure, and hormonal differences (Gendered Lives, 2005). (1) Niger is currently ranked at 187 in the United Nation Human Development Index. Niger has a total land area of 490,000 square miles or 1,267,000 square kilometers. Niger ended 2014 with a population of 19,113,728 people, which represents an increase of 754,865 people compared to 2013, and the population index has yet to be updated to present date and time of 2016. French is the official language of Niger. Hausa is spoken by seventy percent of the population. Seventy percent of the population are under forty years’ old which is a quite young population. School enrolment rates are only twenty-two percent and the adult literacy rate is a meagre twelve percent. The currency of the country is 2,370 billion US dollars. Eighty-five percent of the population is involved in agriculture livestock. Niger is the fourth largest producer of uranium in the world. Animal breeding is the most important activity for the nomadic people of Niger. Roughly 400,000 square kilometers of Niger is covered by desert, mainly the Sahara. The southern part of the country is the most developed and considered the most productive orShow MoreRelatedWorld History AP8768 Words   |  36 Pagesthe process of creating the empire was quicker, though it was no less reliant on military force and no less brutal than the centuries-long Roman effort. †¢ Unlike Rome’s transition from republic to empire, the creation of the Chinese empire had only brief and superficial domestic repercussions. 7. In comparing the Roman and Chinese empires, which do you find more striking—their similarities or their differences? †¢ The Roman and Chinese empires shared many common features, though they did also differRead MoreThe Nigerian Stock Market and Its Impact on the Economy9899 Words   |  40 Pagesdifficult for the private sector to deliver on these objectives if Nigeria enterprises are not well funded or have easier access to funds locally, and if the current burden of harsh operating environment is not urgently addressed.† It will be pertinent to note here that Nigeria has been far from consistent in her economic policies and approaches to developing the country. According to Afolabi Adedeji: â€Å"We have at different times tried government owned enterprises, import licensing, backward integrationRead MoreCOM3702 Portfolio10930 Words   |  44 Pageshas far-reaching implications for the freedom of speech which journalists currently enjoy. Some critics argue that South Africa has regressed in this regard: during apartheid the state controlled and regulated the press, which was then followed by a brief period of press freedom but now regulatory consideration seems to be turning back towards state regulation. 2.1.2 Public service media policy. After World War Two, communications policy was influenced by socio-political rather than economic or nationalRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesEthos of Rastafari: Structure, Ideology, and Ritual 5. â€Å"Coming in from the Cold†: Rastafari and the Wider Society 6. Rastafari Rules: Bearers of Jamaican Popular Culture 7. Summary and Conclusions Appendix: A Review of the Literature on Rastafari Notes Selected Bibliography Index 3 7 29 41 67 79 97 117 127 141 171 185 This page intentionally left blank Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Introduction Since its emergence among the poor in Jamaica in the earlyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages Smith’s fully global perspectives make clear that even though gender parity has rarely been attained in any society and there have been major setbacks or few advances in INTRODUCTION †¢ 5 many countries, the position of women worldwide has improved dramatically and has very often empowered a substantial portion of humanity in ways that would have been unthinkable a century ago. Jean Quataert’s contribution to gender shifts in the twentieth century focuses more narrowly on the variable

Anthropology And Development Critical Perspectives On Globalisation

Question: Discuss about the Anthropology And Development Critical Perspectives On Globalisation And Inequality. Answer: Introduction Globalisation and the diverse phenomenon associated with it have resulted in several curious issues for the social scientific researchers and the observers. From the last literature, it cannot be said that what actually Globalisation means or whether it is happening or not. But there has been continuous discussions related to Globalisation and its impact on the societies and the regions from last few decades. The aspect of Globalisation is completely unavoidable and has a direct impact upon the factors related to ethical regimes, political governance, social regulations and the economic regimes. All these aspects have resulted in several negative, contradictory and confusing implications upon human life. The emergence of the global cities and a developing a strong network based society has resulted in occurrence of numerous challenges which are the part of the Globalisation process (Matei, 2014). Globalisation is related with the primary areas of change that has resulted in extended market transformation across the globe. The concept of Globalisation can be explained as integration of a regions economy with that of the world economy. And such integration has widely resulted in occurrence of several issues and challenges which the paper will highlight in respect with the impact of Globalisation. The paper will also throw lights upon the most crucial issues which are the result of continuous developments and Globalisation and has been broadened by the anthropological approaches such as inequality among the masses. Understanding the issues of Anthropology, Development, Globalisation and Inequality The continuous practice of Globalisation and developments across the world has led to a series of issues and challenges which is weakening the roots of the culture and environment of various nations. Starting with the assessment of the negative social and cultural impacts of policies and processes associated with Globalisation and natural resource development, it can be analyzed that with increased interaction of individuals from diverse nations, unprecedented mobility, enhanced recognition of the human rights and better economic conditions have dented the individuals or nations local culture. The increased number of immigrants and transnational workforce, an outcome of Globalisation, are scattering the diverse cultures in several nations resulting in a unified global culture which comprises of a mixture of several different regional cultures (Thomas and Kamari Clarke, 2013). The international populations have started sharing identical life styles, attitudes, aspirations and social v alues. There has been given a new meaning to the human life as the core social values, the spiritual practices and the local culture are getting reframed as a result of increased Globalisation practices. It is the Globalisation which can be mark responsible for the change and modification of the life style and outlook of the individuals across the globe (Baylis, Owens and Smith, 2017). The change or the negative social and cultural impacts can be analyzed by taking examples of several Asian countries where earlier there were used to be a completely male dominated societies. The key earners and the sole face of the families were the male members and the female members of the society were only responsible for managing the in-house activities. But the practices of Globalisation have resulted in a fatal blow of such kind of socio-cultural practices of those nations. Today women have a participation and involvement in almost all the spheres of the economy of these Asian countries and it has given a massive challenge to male dominant societies (De Beukelaer, Pyykkonen and Singh, 2015). Other social and cultural impact can be identified as the involvement of the western culture in the domestic culture of various nations. The joint family systems were one of the most recognized socio-cultural practices of some of the nations which has been challenged and dissolved due to the continuous Globalisation. Now the individuals prefer leading an independent life and have become extremely blunt in breaking the social norms of having improved relations with the family and elder ones (O'Bannon, et al., 2014). Mixing of western culture with the regional cultural practices has resulted incomplete deterioration of the socio-cultural norms and practices of unified family systems. Other impacts upon the social and cultural practices can be realized as, earlier in various countries there were used to follow a number of religious practices as per the respective cultures if the nations. But rise of Globalisation, has developed a sense of reasoning among the individuals which have weake ned the roots of these well-established practices (Knox, Marston and Imort, 2016). As well as the workplace integration of diverse cultures has resulted in integration of the religious and socio-cultural practices too and as a negative outcome, it has blurred the old established religious practices which were primarily the foundation of differentiating individuals on the basis of their diverse religions. Thus, from the overall analysis, it can clearly and critically analyze that Globalisation has extremely affected the socio-cultural fabric of various nations. The shared practices and experiences have offered a new meaning to the lives of individuals and have led to a sudden and big change in the social and cultural practices of the nations (Jindal, 2013). The resource development practices have also encountered number of changes and negative implications upon the social and cultural practices of the nations. Analyzing from the perspectives of the Asia-pacific regions, it can be said that the resource development possesses the potential to have deteriorate the surrounding developments, economies overlaying, communities and the environments (Eriksen, 2016). Contrariwise, these resource developments also results in opportunities by the conversion of the various natural resources into the business and infrastructure development, skills and social capabilities development and financial resources. The environmental, social and the economic changes are interlinked as the development of natural resources can have a direct impact upon the ecosystems which can result in disruption of the environmental services which are extensively offered by these eco-systems and can then affect the economies as well as the individuals as they are heavily reli ant upon all such services for their livelihood. The social and cultural impacts of natural resource developments are also dynamic in nature (Fabinyi, Evans and Foale, 2014). For instance, the development of the employment opportunities is recognized as an advantage of these developments but may result in social challenges if the required knowledge and competence is not regionally available. The un-planned as well as the planned in-migration of the individuals and the related population rise may result in increased demands for the various social services such as social and physical infrastructure, commerce and housing, education and health. The correct management of the population growth may lead to improved services and infrastructure whereas the ineffective management may result in deterioration of the existing services and infrastructure as well as occurrence of future challenges (Benera, Berik and Floro, 2015). The natural resource development also possesses the potential to dis turb the present usage of land in respect with fishing, tourism and agriculture. Because of the increase in the activities of resource developments, there can be experienced a sudden increase in the demand for the services and goods which can ultimately result in rise in the prices (Haviland, et al., 2013). The individuals who works within the agricultural as well as service industries usually do not get an equal amount of pay in comparison with the workers of resource sector, may not possess the buying power to afford goods at such upsurge costs. Contrary, if these developments are planned and managed in an effective manner then it can result in rise of opportunities for strengthening the economies and the regional businesses as well as the generation of the taxes and royalties. From the overall perspective, the socio-cultural impacts of these developments may result in out-migration, in-migration, tensions and conflicts among social groups increased demands for infrastructure and housing, change in social norms, corruption, and change in traditions, impacts upon cultural heritage, land mobility, pollution and disruption of economies (Franks, 2012). There are some of the key theoretical and ideological issues concerning development and increased level of Globalisation. The first key theoretical aspect is the ideology in the theory of institutional change. This shows the level of imbalance that take place as a result of price variations. As per the economic theory of institutional change which was grounded on the development of the relative prices, it is analyzed that when once there occurs any kind of change in the relative prices, the people tend to adjust themselves and adapt. But later on with continuous rise in developments and Globalisation, there is sudden change and increase in the prices of the goods, services, agricultural products, infrastructure, etc. which provokes the institutional imbalance and as a negative outcome there takes place private land holdings (Mosse and Lewis, 2006). And for the transformation of these imbalances into institutional changes, it is essential that there must be some final consensus as the re is a need of some new practice. The second theoretical aspect which can be used to understand the development and Globalisation impacts is the dependency theory (Facchini and Melki, 2011). There is a relation of dependency between the underdeveloped Global South and developed North that results in extreme exploitation, oppression and dependency by the means of economic and political factors for example neo-colonialism, unsustainable debt and import tariffs on raw materials (Hilgers, 2010). There has been identified continuous development and success of the industries of the developed nations as a result of Globalisations and development and conditions of underdevelopment, diversion of resource, negative impacts of social, economic, cultural and environmental conditions, inequality, and disparities of power in the Asian regions (Petrescu, 2013). After acquiring and analyzing a broad based understanding of the contemporary Anthropology in relation to global development issues and Asia-Pacific contexts it can be stated that there are majorly two lines of anthropological association with development. The primary and the first line refer to the notion of development and Globalisation as a progress in context with investments, planning, modernization, transfer of knowledge and reforms (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley, 2015). This approach of anthropology and development is well recognized as big D-development. But it is also criticized for offering the complete controlling power to the Global North of any kind of change taking place in the developing nations (Crewe and Axelby, 2012). This aspect is considered as neo-colonial as well as screening the global economic and political strategies of control even after a complete end of the period of colonialism. The critiques of anthropology have decried this approach of development by stat ing it as EuroAmerican-centrist, evolutionary and oversimplifying of the individual similarities at the cost of having huge differences among the societies and the cultures. And such kind of critique has raised number of questions upon the anthropology engagement with development by questioning the colonial roots and emphasizing serious consideration of the validity and value of anthropology in supporting the various developing nations. The second line of the association of anthropology and development is the study of the various processes of development as the endogenic processes that result in contradictory and negative outcomes creating the situations of social in/exclusion and inequality (Milanovic, 2016).f It can critically analyzed and stated that such small or little d-developments results in geographical unevenness across the globe and also refers to wide, relating processes of international change and primarily capitalism. There is a vast difference from the big D-developme nt as the latter refers to achieving progress, developing practices, policies and ideas whereas the little d-development refers to the practice of development as an unintentional practice which also comprises of the study of the already existing development processes. Thus, the critical anthropology of development considers and analyzes development in terms of the interaction among the several systems of knowledge and actors as well as the structural processes. Therefore, the little d-development aspect brings bottom-up, unintended and the relational factors into the development processes that are required to be controlled by the big D-development. There is a study of both these approaches of development and anthropology but there is difference in the approaches (Bakker and Nooteboom, 2017). Over the past few decades, the rapidly increasing Globalisation and anthropology engagement with developments have resulted in huge investments by the transnational companies in the natural resources as well as the farmlands. The lands taken use were not empty as well as were also not wild but were used by the nomadic individual and the farmers whose livelihood and earnings were completely lost because of directly threatened to take use of those lands anymore. In anthropological aspect, such issues related to precarization of rural livelihoods have being studied in terms of exclusion of the indigenous people, small scale farmers, extractive commodity chains, food insecurity and land grabs (Collier and Ong, 2005). At the same time, as discussed above, as an impact of Globalisation and development, the transnational organisations enhanced the exploitation of the scare natural resources in the regions of Global South and thus resulting in the curious situations of putting pressure upon the Global South from the Global North for access to infrastructure, land, labor and natural resources. All such diverse aspects of Globalisation, anthropology approach and developments have resulted in increased issues and challenges faced by the majority of Third World people (O'brien and Williams, 2016). Conclusion In the paper, it has been critically analyzed and argued that Globalisation is not only useless but also very harmful for the economies of various developing nations and specifically the Asia-Pacific regions. It has offered some temporary reliefs to the several global economies with the aspect of foreign investments but has worsened the situations with its other associated negative implications. From the paper and various critical analyses, it can be concluded that instead of improving the lives of the majority of the Third World individuals in past few decades, the results have deteriorated their lives in various aspects as discussed above in the paper. As a byproduct of continuous developments, anthropology approach and Globalisation, there has been caused some of the enduring damage to the global economies, socio-cultural factors and the environment and have imposed deep-rooted negative impacts on the Global South and mainly the Asia-Pacific regions. The paper concludes that there is a vital need to manage the impact of these developments and Globalisation so that all the regions receives an equal benefits and the issues such as inequality can be eliminate from the developing countries. Thus, from the analyses of various social and cultural impacts of policies and processes associated with Globalisation and natural resource development, the Asia-Pacific region concerning development issues, theoretical and ideological issues concerning development and contemporary Anthropology in relation to global development issues and Asia-Pacific contexts, it can be concluded that instead of improving the livelihood of the people, these aspects of Globalisation and development are threatening their sustainable living and resulting into increased dependency upon the developed economies. References Bakker, L., Nooteboom, G. (2017). Anthropology and inclusive development.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,24, 63-67. Baylis, J., Owens, P., Smith, S. (Eds.). (2017).The Globalisation of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Benera, L., Berik, G., Floro, M. (2015).Gender, development and Globalisation: economics as if all people mattered. Routledge. Collier, S. J., Ong, A. (2005). Global assemblages, anthropological problems.Global assemblages: Technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems, 3-21. Crewe, E., Axelby, R. (2012).Anthropology and development: Culture, morality and politics in a globalised world. Cambridge University Press. De Beukelaer, C., Pyykkonen, M., Singh, P. J. (2015). Globalisation, Culture and Development. The UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity. Eriksen, T. H. (2016). The three crises of globalisation: an anthropological history of the early 21st century. Fabinyi, M., Evans, L., Foale, S. (2014). Social-ecological systems, social diversity, and power: insights from anthropology and political ecology.Ecology and Society,19(4). Facchini, F., Melki, M. (2011). Ideology and Cultural Change: A Theoretical Approach. Franks, D. (2012). Social impact assessment of resource projects.International Mining for Development Centre,3. Haviland, W. A., Prins, H. E., McBride, B., Walrath, D. (2013).Cultural anthropology: the human challenge. Cengage Learning. Hilgers, M. (2010). The three anthropological approaches to neoliberalism.International Social Science Journal,61(202), 351-364. Hirst, P., Thompson, G., Bromley, S. (2015).Globalisation in question. John Wiley Sons. Jindal, J. (2013). Globalisation-Its Socio-Economic Impact in India. International Journal of Emerging Research in Management Technology. (Volume-2, Issue-12). Knox, P. L., Marston, S. A., Imort, M. (2016).Human geography: Places and regions in global context. Pearson. Matei, C. S. (2014). GlobalisationAn Anthropological Approach.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,149, 542-546. Milanovic, B. (2016). Global inequality: A new approach for the age of Globalisation.PANOECONOMICUS,63(4), 493-501. Mosse, D., Lewis, D. (2006). Theoretical approaches to brokerage and translation in development.Development brokers and translators: The ethnography of aid and agencies, 1-26. O'Bannon, C., Carr, J., Seekell, D. A., D'Odorico, P. (2014). Globalisation of agricultural pollution due to international trade.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,18(2), 503. O'brien, R., Williams, M. (2016).Global political economy: Evolution and dynamics. Palgrave Macmillan. Petrescu, D. N. (2013). IDEOLOGIES OF DEVELOPMENT: THEIR EVOLUTION AND INFUENCE OVER THE DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION PARADIGMS.Annals of University of Oradea, Fascicle Sociology-Philosophy Social Work, (12). Thomas, D. A., Kamari Clarke, M. (2013). Globalisation and race: structures of inequality, new sovereignties, and citizenship in a neoliberal era.Annual Review of Anthropology,42, 305-325.

Pepe Jeans Brand Management Essay Example

Pepe Jeans Brand Management Paper This report aims to evaluate the brand image, positioning and brand value of a popular denim brand Pepe Jeans. Pepe is a renowned brand in the apparel industry and is amongst the top international jeans and casual wear brand. This report will also discuss the philosophy and essence of the brand, what it stands for the USP (Unique Selling Point) of the brand and how Pepe Jeans is perceived in the consumer mind. The purpose of researching the brand extensively is to help us understand the strengths and weaknesses of the brand from the point of view to verify its effectiveness. Pepe offers a wide range of products to its consumers and tries to cover the intended target market through its advertising and promotions. The brand is present across the globe in almost 100 countries with numerous loyal customers. A Brief History Headquartered in Madrid, Spain Pepe Jeans London, was started in a small market stall running only on weekends in West London by three brothers from Kenya Nitin, Arjun and Milan Shah in the year 1973. The brothers wanted to set up a British brand of jeans that would be known globally. The jeans that they sold were of good quality and fitting and within no time, the business started to boom. The brand was inspired by London street-wear style and was called Pepe because it was a short two syllable word that was really fast to remember. Pepe was the first brand which enforced that jeans should not be sold hung like a trouser for which they even had to fight with the retailers. By 1980, the brand was competing against the big rival brands like Levis, Lee, etc. for the No. 1 place in U.S. Pepe became UKs most successful jeans brand and even had Jason Priestly and the popular band The Smiths featured in their advertising campaign. Some of the campaigns were censored as Pepe ads usually t eased the boundaries of socially acceptable imagery and norms. This helped them gain the attention of the consumers in the ever expanding world of advertising. Pepe is the fastest growing label in the world and has grown to be more than a $500 million denim and casual wear brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepe Jeans Brand Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pepe Jeans Brand Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pepe Jeans Brand Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Brand Image According to Kotler (1988) and Herzog (1963), brand image is the perception of the brand regarding the values it carries in the mind of the consumer. Denims are perceived as a casual wear and the wearer carries an attitude whilst wearing it. Pepe has managed to make denim a style statement. Pepe Jeans is perceived as a premium and international brand which houses casual wear with the heart of London in the brand. The products offered are contemporary and innovative and the impression it leaves, is never missed. The brand image is not a thought on its own, it is engraved in the consumer mind by the marketers through the use of various marketing tools. Some other researchers like Ditcher (1985) define that the impression that the product creates as a whole and not by its individual characteristics is what forms the image of the brand. Pepe offers a whole wardrobe solution from jeans to skirts, to jackets, t-shirts, shirts, cargos, capris and a wide selection of accessories like caps, bags, wallets, belts and even socks. In the case of Pepe Jeans, the marketing and pricing has made the brand appealing to primarily youngsters. The brand has been practicing aggressive pricing i.e. they are competitively priced to their competitors and other international brands. The campaigns reflect that the brand is young at heart and promotes a rebellious attitude through its advertising. The concept is to be bold and ambitious which has helped the brand create a connection with both the sexes globally. As per Abraham (2005), to save the brand legal issues, the brand name should always be unique and distinct. The brand is called Pepe because it was a short two syllable word that was easy to remember and fast to sign on a cheque. Brand Positioning Positioning of a brand can be observed by evaluating how the brand appears when seen in contrast with its competitors. Brand positioning is controlled by the company and its marketing team. They concentrate on delivering and positioning the product in the right way to the intended target audience. All the efforts put together create the brand image of the company. (Park et. Al., 1986) Since its inception, the positioning of the brand was that, Pepe Jeans is all about international premium jeans and casual wear. To be a successful brand, the brand must keep in mind the offering its makes to its consumers and makes the product exclusive to set itself apart from the competitors (Friedman, 1993; Muse Hartung, 1973). The brand continuously developed new fabrics and silhouettes which all had a perfect finish. Pepe used this as a P.O.D. (Point of Difference) to promote itself as The premium jeans, inspired by Londons street wear. For a consumer to feel associated with what the brand wants itself to be perceived as, it is important for the brand to first build a relationship with the consumer (Aaker, 1991). All the retailers in the category are characterised in terms of maturity, capacity, and difference in price which leads to the common factor in all stores (Standard Poor, 1995). Pepe has differentiated itself by keeping the promise of being committed to quality products. They have strived to be best in the commercial aspect and by being the most service oriented. Brand positioning comprises of three important elements namely identifying the possible competitive advantages, leverage the strongest advantages and communicate them in an effective manner and lastly make sure that the message has reached the target group, all these factors combined together influence the buying behaviour of the consumer (Kotler, 1988). In connection with the brand, Pepe whilst positioning itself clearly identified themselves as a premium denim brand which the consumer would crave for and branded themselves with the same proposition. They created their USP from the simple fact that they manufactured the best quality denims which were inspired from London street wear. The brand stands for the youth and talks about being young, cool, creating a style statement, independent and self confident which exudes an attitude of the person who is wearing it. The second element is to identify their own strength which was inspired from Londons energy and street wear styles, every garment exudes an attitude and promoted this through their advertising. The third element is to segment the market and identify the appropriate target audience, having in mind what are the elements of your brand that are able to satisfy their needs and how you are related to this group. Pepe managed to identify and connect with all the three elements ma king it one of the most successful international brands. A successful brand should create an image for its product that, in the consumers mind is associated with the quality, the Unique Selling Point of the product and the superiority towards the competitor. (Vranesvic and Stancec, 2003) Brand Equity and Value A brand is the representation of ownership and product segregation manifested through names, logos and trademarks (Chernatony and Riley, 1998; Hankinson and Cowking, 1993). In the American Marketing Association (1960), the definition of a brand is a name or term, a symbol or design, or maybe a combination of the two which is intended to identify the product or service of the seller and enable them to differentiate it from its competitors. Brand equity expresses the value of a product compared to as if the same product didnt have a brand name. Therefore brand equity is based on the added value of the product because of the brand name. Equity consists of brand awareness and brand image (Aaker, 1991; Ailawadi et.al, 2003). Pepe over the years has successfully established itself in the consumer minds by constantly delivering high quality products and numerous advertising campaigns. Pepes brand value has been focused and been a trademark in the category recognised for the commitment and s ervice provided to the consumers. The brands are seen as corporate assets which have to be taken care of, invested in and have to be nurtured to grow. The brands are conceptualised as value enhancers which has led to the development of the concept of brand equity (Wood, 2000). Pepe has been marketed keeping a target audience in mind and has managed to create a bond of trust and a relationship with the consumers. Pepe as a brand name through the consistent performance and every growing demand in the market by opening new stores and a modern youthful urban image has created a sense of comfort in the consumer mind. As per Biel (1993), the concept of brand equity is very consumer-centered and it said that the consequence is focused more on output rather than input. The brands differentiating factor is that Pepe is much more than just a denim company, it offers a complete casual wear line with knits, wovens, non-denims and accessories under its umbrella. Pepe Jeans takes pride on the fashion forecasting abilities and setting trends with every collection they offer to their consumers. The consumers perception of the quality of the brand is what helps create brand equity.